Turkey is the single country of the world politcs which appropriate to accept the right concept. At first time rightist concept used after the France Revolution for named difrent politcs group after that right have passed diffrent level and gained todays mean.
So that reason rightist represent diffrent oldness tradition each other.As like that reason the defender of right politcs and rightist thought to prefer define themselves as diffrent.
Before Westernization right and left to represent unknown centrary at the Ottoman community and since 1908 years after the decleration of Constitutional Monarchy days was not seem as like that diffrentation.The first reason of that integrity of Ottoman politcs order not permit the other poitical order. In spite of anarchy, rebellion and mutiny nobody and not at all groups did not to think to change soverginty. For example after the destroying of II. Mahmud’s Janissary corps Ulema power lost their power for to affect their surronding. Since 1826 a new group founded for designate power instead of Ulema.This group formed by intellectuals which they studied at Europe and they were affected European life condition.The other reason was that the Ottoman community had not effected the political event and the power game.Furthmore not permit diffrent ideas and political programs in the community.This decision not mean that there is no other social class in the Ottoman Community, only there is no any political philosophy which creat as diffrentataion in the crowd.Religion was the single source of the community. So that direction Sultan has a great power so that it was not under consideration the other power.After the Administartive Reform the new intellectual to get started the social harmony ideas.The diffrentation of ideas and cultural with intellectual and community cause to emerge of new community project. But they noticed impossiblity of became close to power with translate a book, to publish a newspaper and write to a poet.But it was the messenger of emergence of a new classes.The literature which bound with constitution, freedom and assembly emerged as de facto after the fall over of Sultan Abdulaziz. At first Constitutional attempt to concluded with uncessful. The Ottoman Grand National Assembly closed at result of defated of Ottoman Empire against Russian war.During that time Kanun-u Esasi still save its validity but II.Abdulhamit didn’t permit 32 years for election of a new assembly for penetrating of constitution.During that time II.Abdulhamit to prevent had done poitics.The groups which struggle against II.Abdulhamit succeded to found a idea circle at high degrees school.The main contardiction of Abdulhamit was that he didin’t permit was done Western kind politics but he had to encouraged Western education.
In 1895 mid civil opposition gained as military quality which was organized in military school and to stop 32 years period in few months.After that “Kanun-u Esasi” began to act, election was held assembly opened, censorship had taken away over the media and permited to found association and making demonstartion right and multi party sysytem had started. Untill I.World War in the multi party system lived quitness.There was indirect relation with community and poitcs mechanism. Now that talk about Ottoman “public opinion”.
Now that relations increase between power and Ottoman Community and theres have comprative base of clashing politics among the community. We can’t talk about any institution within the diffrent living life of II.Constitutional for evaluating for todays “right classification”. Of this opposite valid, it is possible to describe the “rightist” all of the politics staff of the II.Constitution.During this year first unionist movement , workers strike seen.
As especially pozitivist trend affected some intellectual and members of the committee for Union and Progress. Among the Ottoman intellectual mostly appropriate this ideas but still opposite not pave the way for “poitics right” group. Politcs formation of II.Constitution was far away from doctorine behaves some exception. They didnt reluctat to violate their poitics profession for gaining the power as immediately. The reason of thet double standart behave was monopolist manner and didn’t establish democrativ quality of Union an Progress. During the National struggle politics power contention developed as diffrent than the the II.Constitution time period. Previously the government of Grand National Assembly of Turkey belive that Istanbul government against the occupying powers after that GNA was spat with Istanbul government for constitutional monarchy so that Turkish community had lived so worried and unstable days during that time.
It is possible to say that the political diffrentation in the public opinion has begun after the establishnment of Turkish Republic eliminated of sovergnity and concluded of Caliphate. After that point the mass which interest the politics to feel themselves in the one side. But in spite of that it is impossible to talk about the diffrentation of right and left during 1920 and 1930; Perhaps only mentioned about common opposition which will transform at the future. The radical revolution movement which hold by Republic government for modernate to public caused some reaction and at first time some of people to feel themselves the other part. That manner to powed the e-way for rightist reaction.The decision to pave the way for emergence of the new conservative block which they wait respect old value.It is so interesting Progressive Minded Party experince how was to transform concervative mass reaction to the political support as the short time. From the point of political profession and opinion view the founders of Progressive–Minded Party were the founder of the Republic and they hadn’t given any sign for about after their change. At same time the founder of Progressive Minded Party fought at the Independence War. Their opposition not against the basic philosophy of politics which they located in. In spite of its so intersting thet the principle “trust to public” which appear in seriously. But Progressive Minded Party closed by party manager. In the following days the revolution Independence Court to excluded many peoples because of hat revolution and it shows separating reaction on the floor. It is nor surprising that nobody try to make opposition in the policy making group. In that context if we look at the historical development of “reaction “at first time it were used for to denigrate multyparty era of II. Constitution after that during the Republic era it used against for not appropriation of revolution program. The single party years not remain only not permit to political opposition and the scene of some radical decision which they change the basis of state. Publics ideas didnt take for using and producing that decision. The National Assembly members as also members of Republic Public Party so that thers no diffrentation between RPP assembly group and National Assembly of Turkish. Republic Public Party became as legal mechanism which to legalize Republic Public Party maneger politics. During that time as many law came to power which they interested public life as directly. For example 10 October in 1922 abolishing of Sovergnity, 3 March 1924 to concluded of Caliphate, 5 Feburary closing of Hagia Sophia and 5 Feburary 1937 entererance of secular principle in the constitution. This application against the crowd opposition as so hard and deterrent. After the II.World War Turkey had influnced from the democratization movement and after that multyparty sysytem had begun. Untill 1946 to 1950 RPP follow as soft politics. During that time some of Theology schools,faculties opened and relegion lessons were educated. But in 1950 RPP lost general election. 1950 elections is so important for us about history of democracy. This was the first free, general and multi party election. At first time power change with public will. It is possible to account “rightist”the crowd which they bring the Democratic Party to the power.They didnt support Democratic Party for rightist politcs as mean of Western only they want to reveal their opposition against the followed politics during the single party sysytem. But it is so interesting that political line which followed during the single party system as the same with Westernezation “rightist”. During the II.World War some thinkers support Turkish Fascit model but begining of 1944 they gave up from this idea. During 1950 most of people became dense Islamic line excess than the Turkish nationalism.
Democratic Party was the “rightist” quality power. In 1950 Democratic Party accused to behave as faitfull for their supporter. It is so interesting Democratic Party was remain to the power between 1954-1957 but they lost vote.During 1950-1960 years Turkish right represented at first time in the Turkish political areana as like this. 27 May 1960 miilitary coup brought up the serious diffrece between the right and left. The legal power which elected at 3 times to fell over a few hours. Democratic Party supporter chhose to remain silent. During the Republic era at first time military to intervene Turkish politcs as like this.Furthmore they behaved partial among the parties so they closed Democratic Party as immideately but they recognize the right for other parties to continue their political life.1961 events to laid the ground work for emergence of Jstice Party.After the military coup 1961 Constitutional text prepared by the National Unity Committee.1924 Constitution has changed and according to authorized its useful for single party power. 1961 Constitution builded against for prevent as like Democratic Party. The first election which hold after the coup pave the way for coalition. In 1965 Election Justice Party came to power. After the 1965 Republic Public Party fell down to the oppostion again. After that they gradually to harden their oppostion style and they brought the new political style which named “left of middle”. During that time RPP changed its politics with leftist politcs which suitable for 1961 constitution.New politcs understanding show paralel ideas with other countries appropriated socialist ideas. Rightist work used by member of “left of middle”for describe and denigrate the other groups member but after that it seperated so much.Rightist word didn’t use in party and any media institution as formally.In 1969 election “left of middle” didn!t successed again and Justice Party gained again and came to power. At 1961 Turkish Worker Party established and they founded a new group.In comaprison to TWP was located more left and carry leftist identity.In other side it more easy to designated rightist identity after the founded of National Order Party.Both of two party to accused Justice Party for became Capitalist to betray for their supporter and they take the place of political scene. After that time idelogic identity came to the power in the Turkish political scene.Turkish Worker Party support Socialist program but the other side Turkish Movement Party reject Socialism and support Turkish Nationalism ideology. The balance ruined against Juistice Party during the 12 March 1971. After that time leftist and rightist movement increased by gradually with student demonstration. After that leftist group turn to armed action.
During that years these organization decreased their movement also RPP had lived so big cahnge.After Erdal İnönü Bülent Ecevit came to the party presidency. They succeded to go by vote ratio but they didn’t came to power with onself. After that years voters clashes gained more idelogic identity. Untill 12 September 1982 Turkish political life to scene so vilonce movement.
By gradually increasing contradiction between left and right reason for lost power of Juistice Party but at same tine National Movement Party and National Order party increased their power by stable.In 12 September 1980 both poitical party closed with third coup. During 3 years Turkey lived unparty systemın 1982 political life started as again.But old parties and politician didn’t take role in the new political era.ın that surroundings Main Land Party gained election and came to power. Main Land Parties aim to get a new voter group. They succeded that but in that success rightist political parties have a big role which they didn’t come to politcs after the 12 September. During the 1983 at first time the leftist and rightist group come together and succeded to establish a dialogue. We can easily say that after the 1991 election rightist and leftist clashes to become a current issues of Turkish political scene.
If we briefly to describe Turkish nationalism characteriistic we can say country love,to respect Islam ,save and continue of national value, country unity and represent whole Turkish mass ideology. But Turkish right program didn’t include any sanctional economic program.But Turkish Rightist against postivism and collectivism. They are so close to Western and so senstive about foreign threat which effect to national values. As general view Turkish rightist to seperate as diffrent groups. Nationalist, Liberals and Islamist.
Turkish Nationalism
In the essence of nationalism Turkish nations save it’s dependence along the history and today Turkish nation dont present their historical identity.So that context nationalist aim is that to bring all of the Turkish nation under to the one umbrella with cultural unity. As shortly this aim was Pan-Turanism. At firstly Pan-Turanism emerged after the France Revolution. It emerged against nationalism movement.Some of Ottoman intellectual used it for minority which they want to separete from the Ottoman Empire. Most of Turkish nation belong to Islam relegion but in Turkish literature didn’t mention as seriously about Islam fellowship. As from the geography point Turkish nations founded under the other states power so that Pan-Turkism ideas hadn’t developed so much among the Turkish states. After theend of the Ottoman Empire Turkish Republic Founded its philosophy over the Turkish nationalism and use positivism and secularism to attempt a new kind of society scheme.
The founder of Republic accept the exsistence ethnic groups but mostly they made currently issue Turkism.Pan-Turkism ideas so important during war time for increasing self-confidence and gaining trust to nation. But at a same time state didn’t permit to civil power for making Turkism neither present in the state. State increase cultural nationalism with educational institutional but they didin’t respect Turkish belive at same degree. Positivism and Secularism to express nationalism with became abstract from relegion and didn’t respect relegious value. The founder of state fear that to express if take consideration of relegion fact Islamic law became to power.ıt shows it’s effect the direction of judgment. After the official nationalism of the state some of civil power had started Turkish nationalism in 1944. But they reflect some diffrences that the state.During 1969 year Turkish nationalist came together under the nationalist movement Party. After that time pan-turkism went towards cultural and unity of feelings. The Turkish Nationalist idea which support of NMP to lean phsicologic basis than the ethnic basis and to unite the Turkish define of state. The synthesis which hold between Islam and Nationalism idea gave new power and energy to the party during the 12 September. The youth mass is very important for NMP.During the 70 years these groups increase NMP activities.
PAN-ISLAM
As like rightist expression also “Pan-Islam”not assent expression .For expressing Islamic values in very areas as especially Politcs.To call Islamist which they “Pan-Islamist”. At the Turkey ther isno other Islamic thought focus. “Pan-Islamism founded during the 19.century against English separatism and for hold with together the destroying Ottoman geography. After the founded of Turkish Republic folowing policy to force Islam struggle against interior threat. During the single party system for organization obstruction Islamist current to start use their legal right as new.
During this time”Pan-Islamist”gradually gained heaviness and to form as new political identity.This identity diffrentiation to gained speed end of 60 years. At first time was organized with Milli Nizam after transform to”Milli Selamet” and after 12 September transform to“Refah” and became unchangable actor in the political system. “Pan-Islamist” idea against “Pan-Turkism” idea because tey think that “Pan-Turkism” idea carry Arabian paganism track and cause to slim down Islam fellowship.
LIBERALS
It is so difficult to proclaim the begining of the Liberal tradition in the Turkishright because confusion of concept.Liberalism carry more free economic program defender line than the status quo.They cant count the first represent at the liberal party tradition nor Juistice never owen determine voter support and Democratic.They dint support by intellectual and media even that they punished during the both coup. It seems as contradiction liberals existence within the rightist.According to Leftist Liberals use in Leftist side but Liberals were used by Right side. The Turkish right owen its existence to oppostion.In that point we can accept that it isn’t thesis but it was antithesis.At last 40 years 70 percentage of Turkish voter feel antipathy against left. Turkish leftist always not care about rightist and always denigrate rightist.So that rightist only use politics for define themselves and to oppose against leftis.
So that reason rightist developed as new method on the politics and intellectual area and to manage their weakness to this area. Every time in Trkish rightist to approach their intellectual as uncertain and avoid to protect themselves. According to them to work with leftist intellectual more easy than to work with their own intellectual. Turkish rightist define as democracy and they didn’t rescued from anxiety for to adjective worry. So that reason we can’t say that any development of lower constitution. But they raised to capable technician. The Turkish rightist follow rekuctant position against leftist in the Turkish politics.Turkish rightist oppose to leftist block in every time.Military-civil bureaucracy founded clergy class and they so near to leftist side and they also oppose to righit side.
The contradiction of left and right never indicate the basis idea diffrentiation of Turkey. The indicating thing of that contradiction diffrences between the living standarts. But in Europe rightist and leftist diffrentation also so diffrent. Relegion to determine diffrentation of right and left in the Turkey
82 views